04

2018

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09

Clean heating should be comprehensively implemented according to local conditions

分类:

Industry News


This year, my country’s defense of the blue sky has been escalated and expanded. Recently, Hebei, Tianjin, Jilin, and Inner Mongolia have intensively released operational road maps. As one of the important measures, the current proportion of clean heating in the northern region is still only 34%, which is still far from the national plan of "the clean heating rate in northern regions will reach 70% by 2021", and it faces many resources, subsidies, etc. challenge.

Many experts believe that clean heating is not simply equivalent to "coal to gas" or "coal to electricity". Local resource endowments, infrastructure and other conditions should be used to adapt measures to local conditions, comprehensively implement policies, and focus on the comprehensive upgrade of the heating system.

Intensive release of the blue sky defense route map in many places

As the State Council issued the "Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") in July, China’s air pollution prevention and control has entered the second phase, with the goal of total emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by 2020. Decrease by more than 15% compared to 2015; the concentration of PM2.5 in prefecture-level and above cities decreased by more than 18% compared with 2015, the ratio of days with good air quality in prefecture-level and above cities reached 80%, and the ratio of days with severe pollution and above was compared with 2015 Decrease by more than 25%.

"In addition to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, and the Yangtze River Delta, the key areas are to put the issue of the Fenwei Plain on the agenda this time, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas should put Beijing as the top priority. The air quality must reach the same level as in the southern part of Beijing." Yang Chaofei, former chief engineer of nuclear safety of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and vice chairman of the Chinese Association for Environmental Sciences, at the 2018 International Clean Heating Summit and Application Engineering Exhibition held recently (hereinafter referred to as "the summit") Said.

Under this situation, Hebei, Tianjin, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and other places have recently issued operational road maps. Tianjin’s three-year combat plan for winning the Blue Sky Defense requires vigorous development of non-fossil energy. By the end of 2018, the installed capacity of renewable energy in the city reached 1.25 million kilowatts. By 2020, the consumption ratio of non-fossil energy will reach over 4%. By 2020, the city's average annual concentration of PM2.5 will reach about 52 micrograms/m3, the city and its districts will have 71% of days with good quality, and the number of days with heavy pollution will be reduced by 25% compared to 2015.

Hebei has designated Baoding as a key air quality improvement area along the corridors along the Taihang Mountains in central and southern Hebei, and proposed that Baoding should strive to withdraw from the bottom 20 of the national air quality rankings, while other cities should be based on exiting the "bottom ten" and strive to achieve standards.

Jilin’s plan clarifies that before the end of 2018, all cities (prefectures) should formulate and improve the relocation and transformation plans of heavy-polluting enterprises such as cement, flat glass, coking, and chemical industries in urban built-up areas, clarify the specific timetable and announce it to the public. Discontinued. Starting from January 1, 2019, we will fully supply gasoline and diesel for vehicles that meet the National VI standards, stop selling gasoline and diesel below the National VI standards, and realize the "three-fuel combination" of vehicle diesel, ordinary diesel, and some marine oil.

Inner Mongolia’s goal is to achieve 83.8% of the days with good air quality in prefecture-level and above cities by 2020, and reduce the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in prefecture-level and above cities by 12% compared with 2015; sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions The total amount is reduced by 11% and 11% respectively from 2015; cities that have completed the "13th Five-Year" environmental protection targets and tasks ahead of schedule must maintain and consolidate the improvement results; those that have not been completed must ensure that the "13th Five-Year" environmental protection constraints are fully realized Sexual goals.

At the same time, the supervision of the storm is denser and more urgent. According to Yang Chaofei, from June to July 2017, the first batch of central environmental protection supervision "look back" was fully launched. The second round of inspections will begin in 2019, and relevant departments and state-owned enterprises will be included in the scope of inspections. "Eco-environmental justice and administrative law enforcement will become more and more stringent."

Clean heating faces many challenges

As an important measure to win the battle to defend the blue sky, my country's clean heating has been fully promoted since last year. According to the "Northern Region Clean Heating Plan (2017-2021)" jointly issued by ten ministries and commissions at the end of 2017, by 2019, the northern region's clean heating rate will reach 50%, replacing 74 million tons of scattered coal; by 2021, northern regions The clean heating rate will reach 70%, replacing 150 million tons of loose coal.

"From a practical point of view, since the comprehensive promotion of clean heating, various regions have actively explored and achieved initial results." Guo Zhi, chief economist of the National Energy Administration, said at the summit. According to the summary of data reported by various regions, a total of new clean heating in the northern region in 2017 The heating area is 2 billion square meters, about 17% of the five-year plan target has been completed, and a good start.

"But we should also see that my country's clean heating still has a long way to go, and all aspects of technology, resources, and markets need to continue to be solidly advanced." Li Junfeng, chairman of the Renewable Energy Professional Committee of the China Energy Research Association, believes.

In the process of clean heating in winter in the north, the control of loose coal is the top priority. The "Plan" clearly stated that before the 2020 heating season, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas, as well as the plains of the Fenwei Plain, will basically complete life and replace scattered coal for winter heating.

Under this, alternative methods of bulk coal such as "coal to gas" and "coal to electricity" are taken as key promotion measures. According to Wang Jinnan, dean of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, from 2016 to 2017, "2+26" (cities on the air pollution transmission channel in Beijing, Tianjin and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) cities will complete the "coal-to-gas" transformation. There were more than 4.7 million “coal-to-electricity” households, and the concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing was greatly reduced last winter. According to the calculation results of the expert team, the contribution rate of scattered coal treatment reached about 40%.

But the problems we face cannot be ignored. Last year, the promotion of “coal-to-gas” promotion made the demand for natural gas increase more than expected, while the supply side experienced unexpected reduction due to various reasons. Gas shortages occurred in many places, and the “coal-to-gas” project in some northern areas was suspended.

Jiang Yi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a member of the National Energy Expert Advisory Committee, believes that burning coal and natural gas to heat buildings is high energy and low energy consumption. In his view, unless China makes a breakthrough in gas resources, it is difficult for natural gas to become the dominant energy source. At present, natural gas accounts for less than 7% of China's energy structure. If it reaches 20% like most developed countries, it is conservatively estimated that 700 billion cubic meters of natural gas will be consumed annually. However, the current annual natural gas production in China is about 140 billion cubic meters. Since the growth rate of natural gas production is lower than the growth rate of demand, the remaining gas gap of more than 500 billion cubic meters will need to be filled by imports. "In this way, China's natural gas imports will account for about 50% of the current global natural gas trade, which does not meet the country's energy security requirements."

Xie Qiuye, dean of the General Electric Power Planning and Design Institute, has calculated: The total heating area of ​​urban and rural buildings in northern my country is about 20.6 billion square meters. If all "coal-to-gas" is used, the annual gas consumption will be about 200 billion cubic meters. The whole society consumes only 237.3 billion cubic meters of gas; if all "coal-to-electricity" is used, the annual electricity consumption will be about 2 trillion kilowatt-hours, while the total electricity consumption of urban and rural residents in 2017 was only 869.5 billion kilowatt-hours. From the perspective of energy supply alone, there are already many difficulties. If the annual financial subsidy burden and safety issues are added, the future clean heating work will face more challenges.

Comprehensive measures based on local conditions

"In the next step, the National Energy Administration will further strengthen the collaboration between various ministries and commissions, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments, and promote the implementation of clean heating plans. We must adhere to local conditions, fully consider the characteristics of the northern region's resource endowments and heating duration, and proceed from reality. , Adopt the heating method of electricity if electricity is suitable, and coal if coal is suitable, and promote the work step by step. Adhere to the focus of attention, take the lead in achieving obvious results in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, and pay special attention to the demonstration and leading role of the Xiongan New Area in the process of promotion "Guo Zhi said.

Wu Xianfeng, deputy inspector of the Department of Atmospheric Environment Management of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, also believes that clean heating must use local resource endowments, infrastructure and other conditions, adhere to local conditions, take multiple measures, and reasonably determine the technical route for transformation, especially for rural scattered coal. Technology level, choose a clean heating technology route that can be replicated and promoted.

According to him, the current comprehensive energy consumption of rural heating in my country is about 27 kilograms of standard coal per square meter, while the comprehensive energy consumption of energy-saving buildings for heating is only 8.7 kilograms of standard coal per square meter. Only 20% of rural heating buildings have adopted some measures to keep warm or save energy. The status quo of "supplying heat, subsidizing, and dissipating heat" has resulted in a lot of waste of resources.

"We must focus on the overall upgrade of the heating system." Xie Qiuye said, natural gas, electricity, biomass, solar energy, industrial waste heat, clean coal (ultra-low emission), nuclear energy and other multiple clean energy sources should be used as the winter heating in northern regions. Heat source, coupled with high-efficiency transmission and distribution pipe network, energy-saving buildings.

Jiang Yi said that my country has a large amount of industrial waste heat that is not fully utilized every year, and these resources can be used as an important supplement to clean heating sources. Full consideration should be given to the overall layout of industrial layout and residential heating systems. The effective use of industrial waste heat will save the country a lot of energy and fiscal expenditure.

This article is transferred from China Coal Resources Network

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